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a living thing, too small to be seen without a microscope, that causes disease in people, animals and plants 病毒；濾過性病毒 the flu/influenza virus 流感病毒 patients known to have been infected with the virus 已知感染了該病毒的病人 the human immunodeficiency virus or HIV 人類免疫缺陷病毒或艾滋病毒 the hepatitis C virus 丙型肝炎病毒 a highly infectious disease caused by a virus 由病毒引起的高度傳染性疾病 a virus infection 病毒感染 The vaccination offers good protection against the virus. 接種疫苗對病毒有很好的保護作用。 It is not clear how she contracted the virus. 尚不清楚她是如何感染病毒的。
Collocations IllnessesIllnesses 疾病 Becoming ill 生病 - catch a cold/an infectious disease/the flu/(British English) flu/pneumonia/a virus/(informal) a bug
染上感冒／傳染病／流感／肺炎／病毒／小毛病 - get (British English) ill/(North American English) sick/a disease/AIDS/breast cancer/a cold/the flu/(British English) flu/a migraine
患病／艾滋病／乳腺癌／感冒／流感／偏頭痛 - come down with a cold/the flu/(British English) flu
得了感冒／流感 - contract a deadly disease/a serious illness/HIV/AIDS
感染致命疾病／嚴重疾病／艾滋病病毒／艾滋病 - be infected with a virus/a parasite/HIV
受病毒／寄生蟲／艾滋病病毒感染 - develop cancer/diabetes/a rash/an ulcer/symptoms of hepatitis
患上癌症／糖尿病／皮疹／潰瘍；出現肝炎症狀 - have a heart attack/a stroke
心髒病／中風發作 - provoke/trigger/produce an allergic reaction
引起／産生過敏反應 - block/burst/rupture a blood vessel
使血管阻塞／破裂 - damage/sever a nerve/an artery/a tendon
損傷／切斷神經／動脈／肌腱
Being ill 病了 - feel (British English) ill/nauseous/queasy
- be running (British English) a temperature/(North American English) a fever
發燒 - have a head cold/diabetes/heart disease/lung cancer/a headache/(British English) a high temperature/(North American English) a fever
患傷風感冒／糖尿病／心髒病／肺癌；頭痛；發燒 - suffer from asthma/malnutrition/frequent headaches/bouts of depression/a mental disorder
患哮喘／營養不良症／經常性頭痛／多發性抑鬱症／精神錯亂 - be laid up with/ (British English) be in bed with a cold/the flu/(British English) flu/a migraine
因感冒／流感／偏頭痛而卧床休息 - nurse a cold/a headache/a hangover
調治感冒／頭痛／宿醉 - battle/fight cancer/depression/addiction/alcoholism
與癌症／抑鬱症作鬥爭；戒瘾；戒酒
Treatments 治療 - examine a patient
給病人做檢查 - diagnose a condition/disease/disorder
診斷疾病 - be diagnosed with cancer/diabetes/schizophrenia
診斷爲癌症／糖尿病／精神分裂症 - prescribe/be given/be on/take drugs/medicine/medication/pills/painkillers/antibiotics
開／得到／服用藥／藥片／止痛藥／抗生素 - treat somebody for cancer/depression/shock
治療某人的癌症／抑鬱症／休克 - have/undergo an examination/an operation/surgery/a kidney transplant/therapy/chemotherapy/treatment for cancer
接受檢查／手術／外科手術／腎移植手術／治療／化療／癌症治療 - have/be given an injection/(British English) a flu jab/(North American English) a flu shot/a blood transfusion/a scan/an X-ray
打針；接種流感疫苗；接受輸血；做掃描檢查；照 X 光 - cure a disease/an ailment/cancer/a headache/a patient
治療疾病／病痛／癌症／頭痛／病人 - prevent the spread of disease/further outbreaks/damage to the lungs
防止疾病擴散／疾病進一步爆發／對肺部造成傷害 - be vaccinated against the flu/(British English) flu/the measles/(British English) measles/polio/smallpox
接種流感／麻疹／小兒麻痹症／天花疫苗 - enhance/boost/confer/build immunity to a disease
增加對疾病的免疫力
Collocations The living worldThe living world 生物界 Animals 動物 - animals mate/breed/reproduce/feed (on something)
動物交配／繁育／繁殖／以…爲食 - fish/amphibians swim/spawn (= lay eggs)
魚／兩栖動物遊動／産卵 - birds fly/migrate/nest/sing
鳥飛翔／遷徙／築巢／啼叫 - insects crawl/fly/bite/sting
昆蟲爬／飛／咬／叮 - insects/bees/locusts swarm
昆蟲／蜜蜂／蝗蟲成群地飛來飛去 - bees collect/gather nectar/pollen
蜜蜂采蜜／花粉 - spiders spin/weave a web
蜘蛛結網／織網 - snakes/lizards shed their skins
蛇／蜥蜴蛻皮 - bears/hedgehogs/frogs hibernate
熊／刺猬／青蛙冬眠 - insect larvae grow/develop/pupate
昆蟲的幼蟲生長／發育／化蛹 - an egg/a chick/a larva hatches
卵孵化；小雞出殼；幼蟲孵出 - attract/find/choose a mate
吸引／找到／選擇配偶 - produce/release eggs/sperm
産卵；排卵；産生／釋放精子 - lay/fertilize/incubate/hatch eggs
産卵；使卵受精；孵卵 - inhabit a forest/a reef/the coast
栖居於森林／礁石／海岸 - mark/enter/defend (a) territory
標出／進入／保衛領地 - stalk/hunt/capture/catch/kill prey
悄悄接近／獵殺／捕獲／殺死獵物
Plants and fungi 植物和真菌 - trees/plants grow/bloom/blossom/flower
樹木／植物生長／開花 - a seed germinates/sprouts
種子發芽 - leaves/buds/roots/shoots appear/develop/form
葉子／花蕾／根莖／幼苗長出來／長大／成形 - flower buds swell/open
花蕾含苞欲放／綻放 - a fungus grows/spreads/colonizes something
菌類生長／擴散／長滿… - pollinate/fertilize a flower/plant
給花／植物授粉 - produce/release/spread/disperse pollen/seeds/spores
長出／傳播花粉／種子／孢子 - produce/bear fruit
結果 - develop/grow/form roots/shoots/leaves
長出根莖／嫩芽／葉子 - provide/supply/absorb/extract/release nutrients
提供／吸收／提取／釋放營養物 - perform/increase/reduce photosynthesis
進行／增加／減少光合作用
Bacteria and viruses 細菌和病毒 - bacteria/microbes/viruses grow/spread/multiply
細菌／微生物／病毒生長／擴散／繁殖 - bacteria/microbes live/thrive in/on something
細菌／微生物在…中存活／大量生長 - bacteria/microbes/viruses evolve/colonize something/cause disease
細菌／微生物／病毒進化／長滿…／引發疾病 - bacteria break something down/convert something (into something)
細菌（將某物）分解／轉化（成某物） - a virus enters/invades something/the body
病毒進入／侵入某物／身體 - a virus mutates/evolves/replicates (itself)
病毒變異／演化／（自我）複制 - be infected with/contaminated with/exposed to a new strain of a virus/drug-resistant bacteria
感染上／接觸到一種新病毒／抗藥性細菌 - contain/carry/harbour bacteria/a virus
帶有細菌／病毒 - kill/destroy/eliminate harmful/deadly bacteria
殺滅有害的／致命的細菌
Extra ExamplesTopics Illnessa2, Biologya2An infected person can pass the virus to others. 受感染者可能會把病毒傳給他人。 The virus attacks a variety of cells in the body. 這種病毒攻擊體内的多種細胞。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- deadly
- killer
- lethal
- …
- be infected with
- catch
- contract
- …
- infect somebody/something
- attack somebody/something
- kill somebody/something
- …
- infection
- vaccine
- transmission
- …
- (informal)
a disease caused by a virus 病毒性疾病；病毒病 There's a virus going around the office. 辦公室裏流行着一種病毒性疾病。 I must have caught a virus on holiday. 我一定是在度假時感染了病毒。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- deadly
- killer
- lethal
- …
- be infected with
- catch
- contract
- …
- infect somebody/something
- attack somebody/something
- kill somebody/something
- …
- infection
- vaccine
- transmission
- …
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instructions that are hidden within a computer program and are designed to cause faults or destroy data （計算機程序中的）病毒 a computer virus 電腦病毒 I think I've got a virus on my laptop. 我想我的筆記本電腦上有病毒。 The virus in the software was programmed to corrupt the hard disk. 軟件中的病毒被編程來破壞硬盤。 software errors that can be exploited by virus writers 病毒編寫者可以利用的軟件錯誤
Collocations Email and the internetEmail and the internet 電子郵件和互聯網 Email 電子郵件 - receive/get/open an email
收到／打開電郵 - write/send/answer/forward/delete an email
寫／發送／回複／轉發／删除電郵 - check/read/access your email
查收／閱讀／讀取電郵 - block/filter (out) junk/spam/unsolicited email
阻止／過濾垃圾／不請自來的電郵 - exchange email addresses
交換電郵地址 - open/check your inbox
打開／查看收件箱 - junk mail fills/floods/clogs your inbox
垃圾電郵塞滿收件箱 - have/set up an email account
擁有／創建電郵賬號 - open/send/contain an attachment
打開／發送／包含附件 - sign up for/receive email alerts
注冊使用／收到電郵提醒
Connecting to the internet 連接到互聯網 - use/access/log onto the internet/the Web
使用／登錄互聯網 - go online/on the internet
上網 - have a high-speed/broadband/wireless (internet) connection
- access/connect to/locate the server
登錄／連接到／定位服務器 - use/open/close/launch a/your web browser
使用／打開／關閉／開啓網頁浏覽器 - browse/surf/search/scour the internet/the Web
上網浏覽／搜索 - send/contain/spread/detect a(n) (computer/email) virus
發送／含有／傳播／發現（電腦／電郵）病毒 - update your anti-virus software
升級殺毒軟件 - install/use/configure a firewall
安裝／使用／設置防火牆 - accept/enable/block/delete cookies
接受／啓用／阻止／删除網站餅幹
Using the internet 使用互聯網 - visit/check a website/an internet site/somebody’s blog
訪問／查看網站／互聯網站點／某人的博客 - create/design/launch a website/social networking site
創建／設計／啓用一個網站／社交網站 - start/write/post/read a blog
創建／寫／發布／讀博客 - update your blog/a website
更新博客／網站内容 - be in/meet somebody in/go into/enter an internet chat room
在／遇見某人在／進入網絡聊天室 - download/upload music/software/a song/a podcast/a file/a copy of something
下載／上傳音樂／軟件／一首歌／一個播客／一個文件／一個…的備份 - share information/data/files
共享信息／數據／文件 - post a comment/message on a(n) website/online message board/web forum/internet chat room
在網站上／網絡留言板上／網絡論壇上／網絡聊天室裏發布評論／信息 - stream video/audio/music/content over the internet
在互聯網上流播視頻／音頻／音樂／内容 - join/participate in/visit/provide a(n) (web-based/web/online/internet/discussion) forum
加入／訪問／提供（網絡）論壇 - generate/increase/monitor internet traffic
産生／增加／監管網絡流量
Extra ExamplesTopics Computersa2A teenage boy was arrested for being the creator of the BomBlast virus that caused severe disruption to the country's defence systems. 一名十幾歲的男孩因制造原子彈爆炸病毒而被捕，該病毒對該國的防禦系統造成了嚴重破壞。 Most viruses can only spread if you open an email attachment. 大多數病毒只有在打開電子郵件附件時才會感染。 My computer has caught some kind of virus, and it won't let me log on to the internet. 我的計算機中了毒，不能上網了。 The latest virus will attach itself to all the addresses in your email address book. 最新的病毒會附着在你電子郵件地址簿的所有地址上。 Your virus definitions are not up to date. 您的病毒定義不是最新的。 anti-virus software 防病毒軟件
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- computer
- be infected with
- create
- develop
- …
- attack something
- destroy something
- spread
- …
- threat
- warning
- protection
- …
see also viral
Word Originlate Middle English (denoting the venom of a snake): from Latin, literally ‘slimy liquid, poison’. The earlier medical sense, superseded by the current use as a result of improved scientific understanding, was ‘a substance produced in the body as the result of disease, especially one capable of infecting others’.