a book published by Thomas Hobbes in 1651. It discusses human society and the relationship between rulers and people. Its conclusion is that a single powerful authority is necessary to prevent 'a war of every man against every man'. The book also contains the famous phrase describing human life as 'solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short'.托马斯·霍布斯(Thomas Hobbes)在1651年出版的一本书。该书讨论了人类社会以及统治者与人之间的关系。结论是,只有一个强大的权力机构才能防止“每个人对每个人的战争”。该书还包含一个著名的短语,描述人类生活为“孤独,贫穷,讨厌,野蛮和短暂”。