jail

noun

/dʒeɪl/

(also British English, old-fashioned gaol)

[uncountable, countable]

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a prison監獄
- She spent a year in jail.她坐了一年牢。
- He has been released from jail.他已從監獄裏放出來了。
- a ten-year jail sentence十年監禁的判刑
- Britain’s overcrowded jails英國過度擁擠的監獄
Collocations Criminal justice
Criminal justice刑事審判Breaking the law犯法
- break/violate/obey/uphold the law違反／違背／遵守／維護法律
- be investigated/arrested/tried for a crime/a robbery/fraud因犯罪／搶劫／詐騙而被調查／逮捕／審判
- be arrested/ (especially North American English) indicted/convicted on charges of rape/fraud/(especially US English) felony charges因被控犯強奸罪／詐騙罪／重型罪遭逮捕／起訴／定罪
- be arrested on suspicion of arson/robbery/shoplifting因涉嫌縱火／搶劫／在商店行竊而被逮捕
- be accused of/be charged with murder/(especially North American English) homicide/four counts of fraud被指控犯有謀殺罪／殺人罪／四項詐騙罪
- face two charges of indecent assault面臨兩項猥亵罪的指控
- admit your guilt/liability/responsibility (for something)承認（對某事的）罪責／責任
- deny the allegations/claims/charges否認指控
- confess to a crime坦白罪行
- grant/be refused/be released on/skip/jump bail準許／不準保釋；交保釋金獲釋；棄保潛逃
The legal process法律程序
- stand/await/bring somebody to/come to/be on trial受審；候審；把某人送交法院審判；開庭審理；受到審判
- take somebody to/come to/settle something out of court把某人告上法庭；被法庭受理；庭外和解某事
- face/avoid/escape prosecution面臨／免於／逃脫起訴
- seek/retain/have the right to/be denied access to legal counsel尋求／聘請／有權聘用／無權聘用律師
- hold/conduct/attend/adjourn a hearing/trial開庭；出庭；休庭
- sit on/influence/persuade/convince the jury擔任／影響／說服陪審團
- sit/stand/appear/be put/place somebody in the dock坐在／站在／出現在／被送上／將某人送上被告席
- plead guilty/not guilty to a crime認罪；不認罪
- be called to/enter (British English) the witness box被召喚進入／進入證人席
- take/put somebody on the stand/(North American English) the witness stand出庭作證；讓某人出庭作證
- call/subpoena/question/cross-examine a witness傳喚／以傳票傳喚／訊問／盤問證人
- give/hear the evidence against/on behalf of somebody提供／聽取對某人不利／有利的證據
- raise/withdraw/overrule an objection提出／撤銷／否決異議
- reach a unanimous/majority verdict作出一致的／多數人贊同的裁決
- return/deliver/record a verdict of not guilty/unlawful killing/accidental death作出／宣布無罪／非法殺人／意外死亡的裁決
- convict/acquit the defendant of the crime宣判被告有罪／無罪
- secure a conviction/your acquittal獲得有罪／無罪判決
- lodge/file an appeal提出上訴
- appeal (against)/challenge/uphold/overturn a conviction/verdict對判決／裁決提出上訴／質疑；維持／撤銷判決／裁決
Sentencing and punishment判刑與懲罰
- pass sentence on somebody宣布對某人的判決
- carry/face/serve a seven-year/life sentence會被判處／面臨／服七年徒刑／無期徒刑
- receive/be given the death penalty被判死刑
- be sentenced to ten years (in prison/jail)被判十年（監禁）
- carry/impose/pay a fine (of $3 000)/a penalty (of 14 years imprisonment)會被判處／處以／繳納（3 000 美元的）罰金／（14 年的）監禁
- be imprisoned/jailed for drug possession/fraud/murder因持有毒品罪／詐騙罪／謀殺罪被監禁
- do/serve time/ten years服刑；服十年徒刑
- be sent to/put somebody in/be released from jail/prison被送進監獄；把某人送進監獄；被釋放出獄
- be/put somebody/spend X years on death row在／把某人關在死囚牢房；在死囚牢房度過…年
- be granted/be denied/break (your) parole獲準假釋；假釋遭拒；違反假釋規定
Grammar Point school
school學校
- When a school is being referred to as an institution, you do not need to use the:school 指機構時，不需用定冠詞 the：
  When do the children finish school?孩子們什麽時候畢業？
  When you are talking about a particular building, the is used:指校舍時要用定冠詞 the：
  I’ll meet you outside the school.我在學校外面等你。
  Prison, jail, court, and church work in the same way:prison、jail、court 和 church 的用法相同：
  Her husband spent three years in prison.她丈夫坐了三年牢。
Culture prisonsprisonsBritain's system of justice relies heavily on imprisonment as a form of punishment. Until the late 18th century conditions in prisons such as Newgate were dirty and violent. In the 19th century conditions improved, thanks to the work of reformers like Elizabeth Fry. New prisons were built, in which most prisoners had their own cell (= small room) facing into a large central area. Many of these prisons, such as Pentonville and Strangeways (HM Prison Manchester), still exist today, although Strangeways had to be rebuilt after most of the building was destroyed in riots (= violent protests) in the 1990s.The type of prison in which criminals serve their sentence depends on their category. Category A prisoners are considered dangerous and are held in maximum security closed prisons. Prisoners may be kept in solitary confinement (= alone and without contact with other prisoners) if they are likely to harm others or to be harmed by them. Category B and C prisoners are also held in closed prisons. Category D prisoners are trusted not to escape and are sent to low-security open prisons. Prisoners on remand (= waiting for their trial) should be held in remand centres, but because there is not enough space, many of them are kept in prisons. Young people aged 15–20 are normally sent to young offender institutions, sometimes called youth detention centres or youth custody centres. However, if space is not available young people are sometimes sent to adult prisons. A prison is run by a governor who is responsible to the Ministry of Justice, and the prisoners are guarded by warders. There are also some private prisons in Britain that are managed by private companies. They must follow rules that are set by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Prisons.There is not enough space available in prisons for the number of people being given custodial sentences (= being sent to prison). In the 1990s there were riots at several prisons because of poor conditions. Cells intended for one person often contain two or three.In the US the federal (= national) and state governments have prisons, sometimes called penitentiaries or correctional facilities. Counties and cities have jails. Federal prisons are minimum, low, medium or high security. All inmates (= prisoners) who can work must do so. People are sent to a prison if their sentence is for several years. If the sentence is a year or less they are sent to jail. Some prisoners on work release are allowed to leave jail during the day to go to a job. Prisoners often spend the last few months of their sentence in a halfway house where they are helped to prepare for life outside prison.In the US people who are waiting for their trial often do not go to prison but instead make bail (= pay money to the court) as a guarantee that they will return for the trial. People sent to prison as punishment rarely serve their full sentence but after some time are released on parole, which means they must report regularly to a government official. It is possible that two people who have committed the same crime may receive different punishments. To stop this happening some states have introduced mandatory sentencing, which means that the punishment for a crime is fixed by law, not decided by a judge.
Extra Examples
- He's gone to jail for fraud.他已因詐騙罪入獄。
- His lawyer worked hard to keep him out of jail.爲了幫他免除牢獄之災，他的律師付出了很大努力。
- How long has she been in jail?她坐牢多久了？
- She avoided jail by pleading insanity.她以有精神病爲由而免於入獄。
- She could be out of jail in two years.她可能在兩年後出獄。
- He was held overnight at the county jail.他被羁押在縣看守所過夜。
Topics Crime and punishmentb2
Oxford Collocations Dictionary
adjective
- city
- county
- local
- …
verb + jail
- go to
- put somebody in
- send somebody to
- …
jail + noun
- sentence
- term
- time
- …
preposition
- at a/the jail
- in (a/the) jail
See full entry
Word OriginMiddle English: based on Latin cavea. The word came into English in two forms, jaiole from Old French and gayole from Anglo-Norman French gaole (surviving in the spelling gaol), originally pronounced with a hard g, as in goat.

jail

verb

/dʒeɪl/

(also British English, old-fashioned gaol)

[usually passive]

Verb Forms

present simple I / you / we / they jail	/dʒeɪl/ /dʒeɪl/
he / she / it jails	/dʒeɪlz/ /dʒeɪlz/
past simple jailed	/dʒeɪld/ /dʒeɪld/
past participle jailed	/dʒeɪld/ /dʒeɪld/
-ing form jailing	/ˈdʒeɪlɪŋ/ /ˈdʒeɪlɪŋ/

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to put somebody in prison監禁 synonym imprison
- be jailed (for something) He was jailed for life for murder.他因謀殺罪被終身監禁。
Extra Examples
- She was jailed for ten years.她坐了十年牢。
- One man was arrested and jailed for biting a police officer.一名男子因咬一名警察而被捕入獄。
Topics Crime and punishmentb2
Oxford Collocations Dictionary
Jail is used with these nouns as the object:
dissident
See full entry
Word OriginMiddle English: based on Latin cavea. The word came into English in two forms, jaiole from Old French and gayole from Anglo-Norman French gaole (surviving in the spelling gaol), originally pronounced with a hard g, as in goat.

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